Datasets

General Properties

in .yaml format

Property	TUDELFT_V3_KITE
Flat area (m²)	25
Number of struts (-)	8
Flat wing span (m)	11.18
Flat maximum chord (m)	2.63
Flat aspect ratio (-)	5
Projected area (m²)	19.753
Projected wing span (m)	8.32
Projected wing height (m)	3.13
Projected aspect ratio (-)	3.498
Side view area (m²)	5.646
Leading edge 3D length (m)	11.302
Trailing edge 3D length (m)	11.249
CoG wing in x-dir. (%)	54
CoG wing in z-dir. (%)	34.3
Ixx wing (kgm²)	84.79
Iyy wing (kgm²)	13.23
Izz wing (kgm²)	83.01
Ixz wing (kgm²)	-0.66
Bridle height (m)	9.60
Number of bridle lines (-)	82
Total length bridle lines (m)	96
Number of pulleys in bridle	0
Wing and bridle mass (kg)	10.6
Nominal pulling force (N)	5800

Aerodynamic Data

The CFD data includes lift, drag, and side-force coefficients as functions of angle of attack and sideslip angle. The measured wind tunnel data includes lift, drag, and side-force (CL, CD, CS) coefficients and roll, pitch, yaw moment coefficients (Mx, My, Mz) as functions of angle of attack and sideslip angle.

Reference frame as used by Poland2025

CFD data:

• CFD_RANS_Re1e5_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e5_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e5_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e5_beta_sweep_alpha_13_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re5e5_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re1e6_beta_sweep_alpha_13_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re3e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re3e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re3e6_beta_sweep_alpha_13_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re15e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2020_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re15e6_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

• CFD_RANS_Re15e6_beta_sweep_alpha_13_Vire2022_CorrectedByPoland2025.csv

WindTunnel data:

• WindTunnel_Re5e5_alpha_sweep_beta_0_Poland2025.csv

• WindTunnel_Re5e5_beta_sweep_alpha_7_Poland2025.csv

• WindTunnel_Re5e5_beta_sweep_alpha_13_Poland2025.csv

Variables

The data are presented in the following format:

alpha [deg] | beta [deg] | CL | CD | CS | Mx | My | Mz |

The WindTunnel files also contains additional columns: CL_ci, CD_ci, CS_ci, Mx_ci, My_ci, Mz_ci, which are 99% confidence intervals of the coefficients, see Poland2025 for more details.

Definitions of the variables:

• alpha: defined as the angle between the incoming flow vector and the vector from mid-span leading-edge to trailing-edge, projected on the z, x plane, so around the y axis.

• beta: defined as the angle between the incoming flow vector and the vector from mid-span leading-edge to the center of the model, projected on the y, x plane, so around the z axis.

• CL: Lift coefficient = L / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A)

• CD: Drag coefficient = D / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A)

• CS: Side-force coefficient = S / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A)

• CMx: Roll moment coefficient = Mx / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A * c)

• CMy: Pitch moment coefficient = My / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A * c)

• CMz: Yaw moment coefficient = Mz / (0.5 * rho * V^2 * A * c)

Where:

• A: Reference area

• rho: Air density

• V: Velocity

• c: Chord length

Name Explanation

• CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics

• RANS: Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes

• WindTunnel: Wind tunnel load measurements

• Re: Reynolds number

• alpha_sweep: data over a varying angle of attack

• beta_sweep: data over a varying sideslip angle

• Vire2020: The CFD RANS numerical setup -for the V3 kite without struts- and a discussion of the data is presented in the paper:

  Viré, A., Demkowicz, P., Folkersma, M., Roullier, A., and Schmehl, R. (2020). Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the flow past a leading edge inflatable wing for airborne wind energy applications. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618, 032007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/3/032007

• Vire2022: The CFD RANS numerical setup, and a discussion of the data is presented in the paper:

  Viré, A., Lebesque, G., Folkersma, M., and Schmehl, R.: Effect of Chordwise Struts and Misaligned Flow on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Leading-Edge Inflatable Wing, Energies, 15, 1450, https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041450, 2022.

• Poland2025: The data are presented in the paper:

  Poland, J. A. W., van Spronsen, J. M., Gaunaa, M., and Schmehl, R.: Wind Tunnel Load Measurements of a Leading-Edge Inflatable Kite Rigid Scale Model, Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-77, in review, 2025.

• CorrectedByPoland2025: The data are corrected by a 1.02° offset in the geometric angle of attack (the angle between the horizontal plane and the vector from mid-span leading-edge to trailing-edge). Furthermore the CS values, are non-dimensionalized by the projected area of the model, rather than the projected side area of the kite. Lastly, as a new axis system has been adopted, the orientation has been swapped, i.e. CS_new = -CS_old. The correction is presented in Poland2025.

Geometric Data

• CAD .stp file, developed initiallt by G.Lebesque during his MSc project 2020, and later adjusted by J.A.W. Poland in 2025

• Surfplan Exported Geometry Files which can be analyzed using SurfplanAdapter.

Flight Data

• Oehler, J. et al.: Kite power flight data acquired on 24 March 2017, Dataset, 4TU.Centre for Research Data, 2018.

• Kite power flight data acquired on 8 October 2019 or 4TU link analyzed by Cayon et al. 2025 and Schelbergen and Schmehl (2024)

• Flight data 27-11-2023,Cayon et al. (2024a).

Wind Tunnel Data

.. (add info)

Structural Results

.. (add info)